Everything about Irish General Election 1922 totally explained
The
Irish general election of 1922 took place in
Southern Ireland on
June 16,
1922, under the provisions of the 1921
Anglo-Irish Treaty to elect a constituent assembly paving the way for the establishment of the
Irish Free State. For
Irish Republicans this chose the membership of the
Third Dáil of the
Irish Republic; under the provisions of the treaty it was a provisional parliament replacing the
parliament of Southern Ireland. From
6 December,
1922 it was the
Dáil Éireann of the Irish Free State.
Campaign
As in the
Irish elections, 1921,
Sinn Féin stood one candidate for every seat, except those for the
University of Dublin and one other; the treaty had divided the party between 65 pro-treaty candidates, 57 anti-treaty and 1 nominally on both sides. Unlike the elections a year earlier, other parties stood in most constituencies forcing
single transferable vote elections, with Sinn Féin losing 30 seats.
To avoid a deeper split
Éamon de Valera and
Michael Collins worked out a "pact" on
20 May 1922. It was agreed that the pro-treaty and anti-treaty factions would fight the general election jointly and form a coalition government afterwards. This pact prevented voters giving their opinions on the treaty itself, especially in uncontested seats. However, the draft constitution of the Irish Free State was then published on
15 June, and so the anti-treaty Sinn Féin group's 36 seats out of 128 seemed to many to be a democratic endorsement of the pro-treaty Sinn Féin's arrangements. Others argued that insufficient time was available to understand the draft constitution, but the main arguments had been made public in the Treaty Debates which had ended in January 1922.
Despite the Pact, the election started the effective division of Sinn Féin into separate parties. The anti-Treaty TDs boycotted the new Dáil. This boycott gave uncontested control to the pro-treaty members of Sinn Féin, and so enabled
W. T. Cosgrave to establish the
Second Irish Provisional Government and later the
First Executive Council of the Irish Free State.
Result
Retiring TDs
Further Information
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